GPT-4o beats fact sheets at curbing conspiracy beliefs
a brief conversation with gpt-4o reduced conspiracy beliefs more than a fact sheet in two experiments. this matters for crisis response and misinformation mitigation.
in two online experiments conducted after the assassination attempt on donald trump in july 2024 and the murder of far-right activist charlie kirk in september 2025, researchers used gpt-4o to filter participants with conspiracy beliefs. 472 and 1,035 participants were assigned to converse with google gemini, read a fact sheet, or have a control chat. the seven-minute conversations with gemini reduced conspiracy beliefs more than the fact sheet. the effect carried over to new events weeks later. the model adapted its responses based on available evidence, using epistemic humility and factual arguments.